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Young worker safety and health
Around the world, nearly 250 million children, about one in every six children aged 5 to 17, are involved in child labor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Hazardous child labour )〕 Children can be found in almost any economic sector. However, at a global level, most of them work in agriculture (70%).〔 Approximately 2.4 million adolescents aged 16 to 17 years worked in the U.S. in 2006.〔Bureau of Labor Statistics (). (Employment and Earnings, Annual Averages, Table 15. Employed persons in agriculture and related and in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker ) Data source: Current Population Survey.〕 Official employment statistics are not available for younger adolescents who are also known to work, especially in agricultural settings.
In 2006, 30 youth under 18 died from work-related injuries in the U.S.〔Bureau of Labor Statistics (). (National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries in 2006. ) Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, USDL 07-1202.〕 In 2003, an estimated 54,800 work-related injuries and illnesses among youth less than 18 years of age were treated in hospital emergency departments. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reports that only one-third of work-related injuries are seen in emergency departments, therefore it is likely that approximately 160,000 youth sustain work-related injuries and illnesses each year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NIOSH- Young Worker Safety and Health )〕 The highest number of teen worker fatalities occur in agricultural work and the retail trades, according to recent data.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= NIOSH Update: Preventing Teen Worker Deaths, Injuries: NIOSH Issues New, Expanded Bulletin )〕 Across Europe, 18- to 24-year-olds are at least 50% more likely to be injured in the workplace than more experienced workers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Too many young people are getting hurt at work )〕
==Work that poses special risks for young workers==
Because of their biologic, social, and economic characteristics, young workers have unique and substantial risks for work-related injuries and illnesses. Besides retail and agriculture, other areas of high risk for work-related injuries include construction and work activities involving motor vehicles and mobile machinery. Although safety requirements and child labor laws prohibit or restrict teen employment in certain kinds of industries and occupations, young workers may yet face risks on the job because an employer or a young employee may not be aware of applicable laws and may not be aware that a hazard exists, because the young employee may lack experience, or because there is inadequate training or supervision.
Child labor is the employment of children under an age determined by law or custom. This practice is considered exploitative by many countries and international organizations. Child labor was utilized to varying extents through most of history, but entered public dispute with the beginning of universal schooling, with changes in working conditions during industrialization, and with the emergence of the concepts of workers' and children's rights. Child labor is still common in some places. Even after passing child labor legislation, developing countries in particular still feature informal economies made up of child workers who are more exposed to human rights violations in the workplace.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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